![Physics for the Birds](/img/default-banner.jpg)
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Physics for the Birds
Добавлен 16 авг 2022
I share things that I get excited about: math, physics, electronics, programming, music -- anything that requires taking things apart. My goal is to explain it simply enough that any 4th grader will be inspired and rigorously enough that any professor will be convinced.
Patreon: patreon.com/PhysicsfortheBirds
Patreon: patreon.com/PhysicsfortheBirds
The Topological Problem with Voting
We like to think that plurality voting is "fair", but it turns out that some unexpected paradoxes appear when you analyze it mathematically. In this video, we use topology and the Möbius strip to explain Chichilnisky's impossibility theorem, and we revisit the Möbius strip synthesizer.
Become a Patreon member: www.patreon.com/PhysicsfortheBirds
Thanks for the synths, Microkits! microkits.net/products/synth-a-sette
0:00 Introduction
2:21 The math of wanting things
4:20 Visualizing the constitution function
6:04 Möbius Piano v2
7:19 A strip can't retract onto its boundary
9:26 Does this mean anything?
Möbius Voting: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0165176594900450
Arrow's Impossibility:...
Become a Patreon member: www.patreon.com/PhysicsfortheBirds
Thanks for the synths, Microkits! microkits.net/products/synth-a-sette
0:00 Introduction
2:21 The math of wanting things
4:20 Visualizing the constitution function
6:04 Möbius Piano v2
7:19 A strip can't retract onto its boundary
9:26 Does this mean anything?
Möbius Voting: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0165176594900450
Arrow's Impossibility:...
Просмотров: 297 781
Видео
Solving the "Lights Out" Problem
Просмотров 149 тыс.6 месяцев назад
Ever run into this funny little puzzle? It appears in Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening, LEGO Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga, and in a 1995 electronic toy called Lights Out. It turns out that this game has some pretty rich math. In this video, we'll learn about modular arithmetic and the matrix inverse. We'll also learn about substitution ciphers in cryptography, including the Hill Cipher. Becom...
Breeding Virtual Pugs to Have Words in their Wrinkles
Просмотров 162 тыс.9 месяцев назад
Let's use wrinkle simulations to selectively "breed" pugs until they have words on their foreheads! We'll implement the Turing-Swift-Hohenberg equation in python and see how it looks. Become a Patreon member: www.patreon.com/PhysicsfortheBirds 0:00 An Urban Legend 0:40 Getting it to Work 2:37 The Results Thank you to Caleb Birtwistle for captioning! Theory of wrinkles: math.mit.edu/~dunkel/Pape...
Turing's Cake (and other wrinkly math)
Просмотров 144 тыс.9 месяцев назад
Tiger skin cake is named after its intricate striped patterns, but they might be more than just decoration. I have a hunch that this cake is an example of a Turing pattern, the same mathematical model that gives a pufferfish its spots and your brains its wrinkles. We'll learn about Turing patterns and how to simulate them, mathematical models for wrinkling surfaces, and the Swift-Hohenberg equa...
Why Möbius Strips Make Better Pianos
Просмотров 155 тыс.10 месяцев назад
I made a synthesizer out of a Möbius strip, but it wasn't just for fun. Musical chords have some rich geometrical and topological properties that you might not be able to see until you put your piano on a different shape. In this video, I'll introduce you to the geometry of musical chords, show you some of the electronics that went into my instrument, and demonstrate how mathematical music can ...
3D Vision, Magic Eye, and Jell-O
Просмотров 107 тыс.11 месяцев назад
How on earth do those Magic Eye illusions work? In this video, we'll learn how humans see in 3D to get to the bottom of it. We'll learn about methods of depth perception, an algorithm for making autostereograms, and a physical model of binocular vision. Become a Patreon member: www.patreon.com/PhysicsfortheBirds Intro: 0:00 Depth perception: 2:02 DIY autostereogram: 5:34 Jell-O model of vision:...
The Sound of those Buzzing Magnets
Просмотров 1 млнГод назад
You know those magnets that buzz when you throw them in the air? Why do they make that sound? In this video, we'll learn about magnetism, inelastic collisions, the geometric series, and the short-time Fourier transform and spectrograms. Become a Patreon member: www.patreon.com/PhysicsfortheBirds 0:00 Intro 1:02 Modeling Magnetism 3:03 Collisions 4:09 Finding the Frequency 7:59 Audio Thank you t...
Random Rhombus Tilings
Просмотров 146 тыс.Год назад
Rhombuses (or rhombi (or lozenges)) can be neatly placed side-by-side to fit into a bigger hexagon. Even babies can do it! In this video, we'll learn about random lozenge tiling, a field of math that studies the properties of randomly selected arrangements of rhombuses. We'll learn about the number of possible tilings, 3D projections, and using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to generate sampl...
Is Legend of Zelda Turing Complete?
Просмотров 475 тыс.Год назад
I undertook a quest to build a computer in Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom and this video documents the process. We'll introduce digital logic and its applications to computer engineering and we'll learn how to create a binary adder circuit, whether it's with electronics or rolling balls. The video ends by demonstrating a 2-bit full adder within the game. Become a Patreon member: www.patr...
The Double Bubble Theorem
Просмотров 191 тыс.Год назад
How does soap make bubbles? Why are bubbles round? What shape do two bubbles make when they connect? Although these might seem like questions with obvious answers, the science and math of soap bubbles has all kinds of unsolved problems. In this video, we'll learn about surface tension and the chemistry and physics of soap, we'll learn a fun proof that bubbles should be round using a technique c...
Can You Make a Quantum Computer out of Olive Oil?
Просмотров 149 тыс.Год назад
Thank you to Brilliant for sponsoring this video! To try out interactive STEM courses for free, visit brilliant.org/PhysicsfortheBirds/. The first 200 subscribers will get 20% off of an annual premium subscription. Why on earth did Wikipedia say that olive oil performs spontaneous parametric down-conversion? In this video, we learn the basics of quantum mechanics and we use it to explain why ex...
What do LEGO bricks and celestial bodies have in common?
Просмотров 190 тыс.Год назад
Thank you to Brilliant for sponsoring this video! To try out STEM courses for free, visit brilliant.org/PhysicsfortheBirds/. The first 200 subscribers will get 20% off of an annual premium subscription. How many things are there of each size in the universe? Are there more sun-sized objects or LEGO-brick sized objects? In this video, we'll learn how mass is distributed in space and why it has t...
Calculating pi with a Synthesizer
Просмотров 116 тыс.Год назад
Happy Pi Day! In this video, we're going to put an analog synthesizer to some use by having it calculate pi. To get the experiment to work, we'll need to learn about periodic functions, the Fourier Series, and the frequency response of resonant filters. Become a Patreon member: www.patreon.com/PhysicsfortheBirds 0:00 Periodic Functions 0:59 Fourier Series 3:03 Filters 4:45 The Experiment 5:39 R...
The Statistics of Microwave Popcorn
Просмотров 758 тыс.Год назад
Let's use physics to ensure that we get the most out of our bag of popcorn. This video explains the science of popcorn kernels while introducing the normal distribution and the central limit theorem. We'll also learn some techniques in signal processing, including convolution and filters, and we'll learn how wavelet transforms helped detect gravitational waves. Try out the code yourself: drive....
So, space isn't a 4D Pringle... Maybe a donut?
Просмотров 147 тыс.Год назад
Space might be infinite, it might wrap around, and it might even spit you out as your own mirror image. Now that we know the curvature of the Universe, let's try to figure out it's topology. This video is Part Two of my shape of the universe duology. Watch Part One here: ruclips.net/video/NleVVz1Y21Y/видео.html Become a Patreon member: www.patreon.com/PhysicsfortheBirds 0:00 Human Topology 2:13...
James Webb Space Telescope and the Traveling Salesman Problem
Просмотров 246 тыс.Год назад
James Webb Space Telescope and the Traveling Salesman Problem
Why do humans like jazz? (evolution of music, entropy, and physics of neurons)
Просмотров 749 тыс.Год назад
Why do humans like jazz? (evolution of music, entropy, and physics of neurons)
How to turn a circle inside out (Visual Calculus and the Tractrix)
Просмотров 92 тыс.Год назад
How to turn a circle inside out (Visual Calculus and the Tractrix)
We (could) live on a 4D Pringle (Non-Euclidean Geometry and the shape of the Universe)
Просмотров 431 тыс.2 года назад
We (could) live on a 4D Pringle (Non-Euclidean Geometry and the shape of the Universe)
Ppl don't like jazz? The 12M views in the mario kart lick video wouldn't agree!
@12:58 the one on the left could be a highly organized QR code. consider that meaning is relative to the observer. how do we even know that an intelligent alien life form would use the same type of symbolic logic or reasoning systems as us? they could have evolved completely different systems and means of communication that dont use visual symbols. they would not necessarily have to be carbon based to be sentient either.
The final pun was gold lol
i took pre-algebra, algebra, geometry, and stats, and flunked stats, and that's where my math knowledge ended lmfao. but this kind of stuff is super interesting to me. i'm currently learning how to solve a rubik's cube and logic/number/word puzzles are one of my favorite pasttimes. also stats was kind of interesting but i kept cutting class anyway lmfao
4:47 TF2 GOT REFERENCED???
Saw the veritasium video in my feed. Didn't watch it but went straight to this video's comments to see if they "borrowed" the same ideas.
What the hell?
One of my Professors once said "that a good theoretical physicist knows what approximations to make, before he knows if he is even allowed to make them." Very nice video highlighting what you can predict even with very simple models.
I just want to thank you for mentioning the vibrational bands on the part about photon emission. I finished a computer engineering degree and had physics classes and this was not mentioned once. I had no idea how it worked to the point where thought the frequencies had to be exact and quantized also.
How can a function that results in one human, a discrete set, be continuous?
Blockchain voting.
I vote your video over Veritasiums for algorithm promotion
At 5:02 why did you put a different topology than the product topology on the Cartesian product?
Outrageous plagiarism from veritasium… even using common fast foods to represent voting groups!!
would be cool for you to comment on the overtone series. Typically you're not just playing A and Bb for a G-7. You or someone else (bass player) is also throwing a low G somewhere. With a lower note to guide otherwise-possibly-random upper voicings, you can get incredibly complex shapes of sounds that enhance emotion. or why a flat 9 sharp 11 etc voicing sounds so much more full of cohesive information that a dom 7.
man the implication alone is brainporn. like that greek guy and the turtle, he allways takes away from the distance
I wonder if veritasium watched this video for his.. Exact same topic
At least the contents are quite different this time. They weren't as subtle with my non-euclidean geometry video...
@@physicsforthebirds they copied a different video too? im losing a little bit more respect for veritasium
Coming from a proportional popular voting system, to me the concept of plurality voting seems not very fair.
Not complaining but that was way less about jazz than I expected
A theory of why we like music that includes Rhythm Melody and Harmony is based in physics. It takes into account the regulation and passage of time, through which the notes, compounded by the harmonic series, positively affect our minds and emotions.
I see that Veritasium just copied this videos exact subject. A bit weird.
Yeah, weird indeed. At least they changed the content this time!
So, this explains why no matter how far we go down that road, we can never get to the end of political conflict.
Ultimately, the anonymity requirement is not a requirement. There is no national or state law requiring that. It's assumed based upon the number of registered voters, but any district with a trivial amount of votes may expose one or two people. Caucuses require you to vote in person. Some election districts in the past (18th, 19th centuries) had public voting. People may have a continuous spectrum on issues, but candidates are discrete and treated ordinally.
This only assumes that we're using a first-past-the-post two party system. In which case there's a lot more obvious well known issues that come before "I can make a graph into a mobius strip 🤤"
Check out Fair group decisions via non-deterministic proportional consensus by Jobst Heitzig, Forest W. Simmons and Sara M. Constantino. I think it's a super cool voting method that deserves more attention. It too has certain flaws though. Voting has to be constrained in such a way that the outcome of the vote is limited in power. If at any point the losing party finds it more acceptable to revolt against the system than to accept the results of the vote, then the voting system has failed. If 60% can vote to enslave the other 40%, it doesn't matter how fair or mathematically clean the voting system is, the system has failed because the 40% don't have sufficient reason to accept the outcome of the vote.
This is one of the best educational videos I’ve seen this year so far.
had to put the USSR anthem (my beloved) to watch this video because the sound of the intro.
I'm so glad i studied math. Incidentally, i understand everything lol
so theoretically, if you graph out the mass of everything in the universe and then take the area under the curve, you can count how many things exist in the universe. i tried it for fun but desmos was unhappy even when i scaled everything down
Continuity is an approximation of the statement P:= “small changes in votes should lead to small changes in the outcome”. The number of voters is finite thus discrete. Even if the set of voters could somehow be mapped bijectively to the continuum, the function phi would still be discrete in actuality. In our presidential elections the image of phi is, for all practical purposes, a set with two elements.
i´m physicst and musician, this is the best video that youtube can show me, thanks a lot.
jazz is not more complex and less structured than classical music... it follows far more regular patterns than classical music
I'd never heard of a one-dimensional circle! The things you learn.
I think the major problem with this is also assuming that the vote's output should be continuous, as people typically vote for discrete states of outcome. Naturally it will be impossible to map a continuous input space to a discrete output space without introducing some discontinuity.
Almost all male jazz listeners are gay
Well, I grew up listening to music that was fairly dissonant, and so I find it “normal” while those that didn’t often crinkle their noses and say things like “that sounds funny”. Then they accuse me of being a music snob to which I reply “you only like boring music”. But more recently, as my Spotify music collection has grown, my tastes have changed, reflecting an increasing interest in more dissonant and freeer jazz. Music I thought was cool a year ago now doesn’t interest me anymore. And now I am studying Frank Zappa’s instrumental also music which was a bit out there even for me many years ago. Anyway, I learned a long time ago that my love of dissonance meant I could not bring my music to work and play it there. Anyone else have that experience of being the only lover of “strange” music at work? Maybe more people need to watch this video.
This is eccelent work and I feel gratefull towards this beirdo for theaching me not only mathematics but also logiics and civics
Thank you so much! My linear algebra professor never explained why any of this stuff was actually important..
I can't believe you mentioned Mobius strips without taking a strip of paper, giving it a twist, and taping the ends together, then running your finger along it to demonstrate that it _only has one side._
I'm glad to see someone acknowledging the limitations inherent in voting. I see people making very intelligent videos but yet blindly falling into the painful trap of berating voting systems that don't "weigh all votes equally."
The voting system he describes is a pure democracy. The United States, while having democratic values, is NOT a pure democracy, it is a republic. The problem with a pure democracy is that it can lead to the tyranny of the majority with the minority having no voice. The founding Fathers realized this and instituted the Electoral College for Presidential elections. Each state has a number of electors based on population. The candidate who wins the state is supposed to get ALL the electoral votes. So, it is possible to win the majority of votes nationally while losing the election. It may seem unfair, but it protects the right of those living in small states and areas of the country with low population from the tyranny of the big city populace (overwhelmingly liberal and progressive Democrats). It forces candidates to addrress their concerns.
You make a video about a graph puzzle and you don't even talk about graphs
Classical musicians: we don't
LMAOO
oww! Paused at 10:45 when you reduced to 2 voters, that's gonna be trouble. You gotta have an odd number for a majority vote to work... unpausing to see where you will take this...
can you do an analysis on how preferential voting works in this lens?
Once I had to get an MRI and was asked if I wanted to listen to some jazz during the examination. I dislike jazz so much that I said no and just preferred listening to the random noises of the MRI machine.
i don't get why voting should be continuous. if there's 2 options of course it's not gonna be continuous
Very funny and interesting. I think that continuity hypothesis has to be discarded, here the reason: - the function argument is discrete, only a definite number of choices are allowed, and the output, too. - little change in one of the voter's opinion can change the results: in a majoritarian system, when there is a tie, changing the vote of one person will change the result. In a proportional system, changing a few votes will change the tresholds and the distribution of seats.
dude ure amazing
I'm not sure of the consequence or even f I understand this correctly but isn't anonymity just lost because if the vote is unanimous we know who the person voted for?